2C-B

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Summary sheet: 2C-B
2C-B
2C-B.svg
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names 2C-B, Nexus, Bees
Substitutive name 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
Systematic name 2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Psychedelic
Chemical class Phenethylamine
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



Oral
Dosage
Threshold 5 mg
Light 10 - 15 mg
Common 15 - 25 mg
Strong 25 - 45 mg
Heavy 45 mg +
Duration
Total 5 - 7 hours
Onset 20 - 40 minutes
Come up 60 - 90 minutes
Peak 60 - 90 minutes [1]
Offset 2.5 - 3.5 hours
After effects 2 - 4 hours



Insufflated
Dosage
Threshold < 1 mg
Light 5 - 8 mg
Common 8 - 12 mg
Strong 12 - 23 mg
Heavy 23 mg +
Duration
Total 4 - 7 hours
Onset 0 - 20 minutes
Rectal
Dosage
Threshold < 1 mg
Light 5 - 8 mg
Common 8 - 12 mg
Strong 12 - 23 mg
Heavy 23 mg +
Duration
Total 4 - 7 hours
Onset 0 - 20 minutes




Intravenous
Dosage
Threshold < 1 mg
Light 1 - 2.5 mg
Common 2.5 - 5 mg
Strong 5 - 10 mg
Heavy 10 mg +
Duration
Total 2 - 3 hours
Onset 5 - 15 seconds
Peak 15 - 30 minutes
Offset 1.5 - 2 hours

DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions
Cannabis
Stimulants
Tramadol
Lithium

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (also known as Nexus, Bromo Mescaline, BDMPEA, Venus, and 2C-B) is a novel psychedelic substance of the phenethylamine class. It is perhaps the most well-known member of the 2C-x family, which are structurally related to the classical psychedelic mescaline. The mechanism of action is not fully known, although serotonin receptor binding activity is thought to be principally involved.

2C-B was discovered in 1974 by the American chemist Alexander Shulgin, who was investigating psychedelic phenethylamines derived from mescaline.[2][3] In the 1970s, it first saw use as a therapeutic aid by a small circle of American psychotherapists and was considered one of the best substances for this purpose due to its short duration, relative absence of side effects, and comparably mild nature.[4]

Recreational use was observed shortly afterward and it was briefly manufactured and sold commercially under such names as "Erox" and "Nexus" in "head" / "smart" shops and adult video stores before being federally scheduled in 1995.[5]

Subjective effects include open and closed-eye visuals, time distortion, euphoria, and ego loss. User reports have described the effects of 2C-B as moderate, warm, colorful, and highly sensual. Similar to mescaline, it is described as possessing a less serious or grandiose headspace than tryptamines like LSD or psilocybin mushrooms, placing greater emphasis on the visual and tactile domain.

Smaller doses (under 15 mg) are reported to be useful as a sensory and aesthetic enhancer (in a manner somewhat similar to MDMA) while larger doses are reported to produce a distinct mind-manifesting psychedelic effect.

While more research is needed, it is generally thought to be physiologically well-tolerated[citation needed]. It likely has a safety profile similar to classical psychedelics, which are known to have low abuse potential and toxicity. However, adverse psychological reactions such as severe anxiety, paranoia, delusions, psychosis are always possible, particularly for those predisposed to mental disorders.[6]

It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.

History and culture

2C-B was first synthesized and tested for psychoactivity in 1974 by the American chemist and psychedelic researcher Alexander Shulgin, who was investigating novel psychedelic compounds based on the chemical structure of mescaline.

Shulgin's findings were later published in the 1991 book PiHKAL, in which he listed 2C-B among the "magical half-dozen" of psychedelic phenethylamines that he deemed most important.[2] The list consists of mescaline, DOM, 2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-T-2, and 2C-T-7.[7] In interviews, Shulgin repeatedly declared it his favorite psychedelic trip.[8]

In the 1970s, it was used in patients by a small number of psychotherapists in the United States. These therapists reported that it created a warm, empathetic bond between them and their patients, helping to break down their ego defenses and inner resistances and allowing the patient to get in touch with suppressed emotions and repressed memories. The gentle nature of 2C-B, in addition to its mild side effects and short duration, were found to be desirable traits for a therapeutic setting.[9]

Shortly after gaining traction in the underground psychotherapy community, 2C-B became popular in the recreational drug scene. It was well-liked as a MDMA substitute in raves and club parties due to its minimal comedown and a clear, euphoric headspace.

In the 1980s and early 1990s, several foreign companies legally manufactured the substance under the brand names "Nexus", "Erox", and "Performax" and advertised that it would alleviate impotence, frigidity, and diminished libido. It was sold at adult book and video stores, "head" shops, and some nightclubs. The DEA reported its distribution in Miami, Florida in the form of yellow pills marketed as an aphrodisiac.[10]

In the United States, it gained popularity as an alternative to MDMA after the latter was classified as a Schedule I substance in 1985. The increasing popularity of 2C-B led to it also being placed in Schedule I in 1995.[5] It saw a resurgence in interest in the 2000s, with the advent of the "research chemicals"/"designer drugs" scene and darknet markets.

2C-B was legally sold in Southern Africa from 1993 to early 1996. It was marketed as medicine for Sangomas (traditional healers) under the name "Ubulawu Nomathotholo", which roughly translates to "Medicine of the Singing Ancestors".[11][12][13]

Chemistry

Molecule.svg

This chemistry section is incomplete.

You can help by adding to it.

2C-B, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine. Substituted phenethylamines are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure, a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain. 2C-B possesses methoxy functional groups CH3O- attached to carbons R2 and R5 as well as a bromine atom attached to carbon R4 of the phenyl ring.

2C-B belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines, all of which possess methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring.[2]

Pharmacology

Pill bottle-o.png

This pharmacology section is incomplete.

You can help by adding to it.

Further information: Serotonergic psychedelic

Unlike most psychedelics, 2C-B has been shown to be a low efficacy serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist[14] or even full antagonist.[15] This suggests that the 5-HT2C receptor is primarily responsible for mediating the effects experienced by users of 2C-B.[14] Research also suggests that 2C-B increases dopamine levels in the brains of rats which may contribute to its psychoactivity.[16]

However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.


Physical effects
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Visual effects
Eye.svg

Cognitive effects
User.svg

Multi-sensory effects
Gears.svg

Transpersonal effects
Infinity4.svg

Combination effects

  • Cannabis - Cannabis majorly intensifies and extends both the sensory and cognitive effects of 2C-B. Extreme caution should be exercised with this combination as it can also elevate the anxiety, confusion and psychosis risk of cannabis.
  • Dissociatives - When combined with dissociatives, the geometry, euphoria, dissociation, and hallucinatory effects are often greatly enhanced. Dissociative-induced holes, spaces, and voids while under the influence of 2C-B have significantly more vivid visuals than dissociatives alone. It also results in more intense internal hallucinations and corresponding confusion which can develop into delusions and psychosis.
  • Nitrous - Nitrous oxide is commonly used in combination with psychedelics. The two are known to possess powerful cross-synergistic effects, including the capacity to send the user directly into an "ego death" state. The speed and intensity with which this occurs are very rapid and the euphoria that can result often leads to the urge to compulsively redose.
  • MDMA - MDMA strongly amplifies the physical, visual, and cognitive effects of 2C-B. This combination is reported to produce strong sensations of euphoric pleasure manifested through distinct body highs, headspaces and uniquely colorful visuals. The synergy between these substances is unpredictable, and it is advised to start with markedly lower doses than one would take for both substances individually. This combination may increase the neurotoxic effects of MDMA, based on its similarity to LSD, which has been found to increase MDMA neurotoxicity.[19]
  • Alcohol - Alcohol can increase the disinhibiting and euphoric effects of 2C-B, lending to its use in recreational settings. It can be used in light doses to "take the edge off" a trip as well as dull its psychedelic effects in a manner comparable to benzodiazepines. However, this is not typically recommended due to alcohol’s ability to cause dehydration and nausea and physical fatigue which can negatively affect a trip if taken in moderate to high dosages. Heavy drinking is strongly discouraged as it can easily lead to blackouts and unpredictable behavior.
  • Benzodiazepines - Depending on the dose, benzodiazepines can slightly to completely reduce the intensity of the cognitive, physical, and visual effects of a 2C-B trip. They are very efficient at stopping "bad trips" at the cost of amnesia and reduced trip intensity. Caution is advised when acquiring them for this purpose due to their high abuse and addiction potential.
  • Psychedelics - When used in combination with other psychedelics, each substance's physical, cognitive and visual effects intensify and synergize strongly. The synergy between those substances is unpredictable, and for this reason generally not advised. If choosing to combine psychedelics, it is recommended to start with significantly lower dosages than one would take for either substance individually.

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index include:

Additional experience reports can be found here:

Reagent results

Exposing compounds to the reagents gives a colour change which is indicative of the compound under test.

Marquis Mecke Mandelin Liebermann Froehde Robadope
Yellow - Green Yellow - Olive brownish green Yellow - Black Yellow - Green Slow pink
Ehrlich Hofmann Simon’s Scott Folin
No reaction No reaction No reaction No reaction (Light) purple

Toxicity and harm potential

Ambulance2.png

This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.

As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it.
Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2C-B use have not been studied in any scientific context, and the exact toxic dose is unknown.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying it by itself at low to moderate doses or using it very sparingly (although nothing can be completely guaranteed).

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Neurotoxicity

2C-B at normal doses is unlikely to be neurotoxic.[20] Through rough extrapolations of data from rat cortical cultures, the IC50 of neuronal activity may result from a dose of at least a 330-650mg.[21] In other words, users should avoid a dose that large in order to avoid long term damage, but typical doses should be well within a safe range.

Cardiac risk

Users have reported experiencing hypertension, hyperthermia and tachycardia at higher doses.[22] As such, those with pre-existing heart conditions should avoid using 2C-B, and users monitor their temperature and heart-rate and respond accordingly. Heavy physical exertion while on 2C-B is discouraged.

Lethal dosage

There is no current data for the LD50 of 2C-B, but it is thought to be considerably higher than the active dose. Alexander Shulgin reported a 100 mg oral dose taken without apparent harm.[2]

Dependence and abuse potential

As with other serotonergic psychedelic, 2C-B is considered to be non-addictive with a low potential for abuse.

Tolerance to the effects of 2C-B is not built almost immediately after ingestion. There are many anecdotal reports of people ingesting this substance many days in a row (either consecutively or by redosing many many times in a row and tripping continuously for dozens of hours) with no immediate tolerance build up and still building quite slowly even under sustained exposure.

2C-B does not produce cross-tolerance with other serotonergic psychedelics, although most users report other psychedelics affecting 2C-B tolerance. For example 2C-B followed by LSD will not result in any loss of effects whereas LSD followed by 2C-B will. Others report 2C-B following a completely separate tolerance clock to other psychedelics with no cross tolerance being shared between the two, although this seems to be a rare reaction with that individual's personal body chemistry, with the aforementioned one-way tolerance being the case for the very large majority of the population.

Dangerous interactions

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.

Legal status

Internationally, 2C-B was added to the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances as a Schedule II substance on March 20, 2001.[24]

  • Argentina: 2C-B is a Schedule I controlled substance.[25]
  • Australia: 2C-B is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard.[26] A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused and the manufacture, possession, sale or use of is prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities.[26]
  • Austria: 2C-B is illegal to possess, produce and sell in Austria under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich). 2C-B is listed in Schedule V of the Suchtgiftverordnung, which further specifies the SMG.[27]
  • Belgium: 2C-B is illegal to possess, produce and sell in Belgium.[citation needed]
  • Brazil: 2C-B is illegal to possess, produce and sell in Brazil as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.[28]
  • Canada: 2C-B is a Schedule III drug in Canada.[29]
  • Croatia: 2C-B is illegal to possess, produce and sell in Croatia as a result of it being a 2,5-dimethoxyphenylethanamine.[30]
  • Czech Republic: 2-CB is a Schedule II drug.[31]
  • Denmark: 2C-B is a List B controlled substance.[32]
  • Estonia: 2C-B is a Schedule I drug in Estonia.[citation needed]
  • Finland: Possession, production and sale of 2C-B is illegal in Finland.[citation needed]
  • Germany: 2C-B is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I)[33] as of January 31, 1993.[34] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.[35]
  • Italy: 2C-B is a Schedule I (tabella I) drug in Italy[36]
  • Japan: Possession, production and sale is illegal.[citation needed]
  • Latvia: 2C-B is a Schedule I controlled substance.[37]
  • Luxembourg: 2C-B is a prohibited substance since 2001.[38]
  • The Netherlands: Possession, production and sale is illegal.[citation needed]
  • Norway: 2C-B is a Schedule II drug.[citation needed]
  • Poland: 2C-B is illegal to posses since 2015 under "Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych"[39]
  • Russia: Possession, production and sale is illegal.[citation needed]
  • Spain: 2C-B is a Category 2 drug.[citation needed]
  • Sweden: 2C-B is a Schedule I drug.[40]
  • Switzerland: 2C-B is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.[41]
  • Turkey: 2C-B is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.[42]
  • United Kingdom: 2C-B is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the phenethylamine catch-all clause.[43]
  • United States: 2C-B is a Schedule I drug.[44]

See also

External links

Discussion

Literature

  • González, D., Torrens, M., & Farré, M. (2015). Acute Effects of the Novel Psychoactive Drug 2C-B on Emotions. BioMed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/643878
  • Papaseit, E., Farré, M., Pérez-Mañá, C., Torrens, M., Ventura, M., Pujadas, M., ... & González, D. (2018). Acute Pharmacological Effects of 2C-B in Humans: An Observational Study. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 206. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00206

References

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  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Alexander Shulgin; Ann Shulgin (1991). "#20. 2C-B". PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. United States: Transform Press. ISBN 0963009605. OCLC 1166889264. 
  3. Shulgin, A. T.; Carter, M. F. (1975). "Centrally active phenethylamines". Psychopharmacology Communications. 1 (1): 93–98. ISSN 0098-616X. OCLC 924603662. PMID 1223994. 
  4. "2C-B: Effects". Erowid. February 12, 1998 [Modified 2015]. Retrieved February 10, 2020. 
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  16. Páleníček, T.; Fujáková, M.; Brunovský, M.; Horáček, J.; Gorman, I.; Balíková, M.; Rambousek, L.; Syslová, K.; Kačer, P.; Zach, P.; Bubeníková-Valešová, V.; Tylš, F.; Kubešová, A.; Puskarčíková, J.; Höschl, C. (2013). "Behavioral, neurochemical and pharmaco-EEG profiles of the psychedelic drug 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) in rats". Psychopharmacology. 225: 75–93. doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2797-7. eISSN 1432-2072. ISSN 0033-3158. OCLC 2409222. PMID 22842791. 
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  18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5859368/
  19. Armstrong, B. D.; Paik, E.; Chhith, S.; Lelievre, V.; Waschek, J. A.; Howard, S. G. (October 26, 2004). "Potentiation of (DL)‐3, 4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced toxicity by the serotonin 2A receptor partial agonist d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and the protection of same by the serotonin 2A/2C receptor antagonist MDL 11,939". Neuroscience Research Communications. 35 (2): 83–95. doi:10.1002/nrc.20023. eISSN 1520-6769. 
  20. Hondebrink, L.; Zwartsen, A.; Westerink, R. H. S. (2018). "Effect fingerprinting of new psychoactive substances (NPS): What can we learn from in vitro data?". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 182: 193–224. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.022Freely accessible. eISSN 1879-016X. ISSN 0163-7258. OCLC 04981366. PMID 29097307. 
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  22. Papaseit, E.; Farré, M.; Pérez-Mañá, C.; Torrens, M.; Ventura, M.; Pujadas, M.; de la Torre, R.; González, D. (2018). "Acute Pharmacological Effects of 2C-B in Humans: An Observational Study". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 9: 206. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00206Freely accessible. ISSN 1663-9812. OCLC 1198838203. PMC 5859368Freely accessible. PMID 29593537. 
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  26. 26.0 26.1 "Poisons Standard October 2015". Federal Register of Legislation. 
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  31. https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463#f5150333
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  37. "Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem" (in Latvian). VSIA Latvijas Vēstnesis. November 10, 2005. Retrieved January 1, 2020. 
  38. Règlement grand-ducal du 14 décembre 2001 modifiant l'annexe du règlement grand-ducal modifié du 4 mars 1974 concernant certaines substances toxiques. | http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/rgd/2001/12/14/n10/jo
  39. https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2C-B#Stan_prawny_w_Polsce
  40. "Föreskrifter om ändring i Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 1997:12) om förteckningar över narkotika" (PDF). Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling (LVFS) (in Swedish). Läkemedelsverket [Swedish Medical Products Agency] (published December 8, 2009). November 25, 2009. p. 1. ISSN 1101-5225. OCLC 185277860. LVFS 2009:22. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 16, 2018. 
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  42. "Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2011/1310". Resmî Gazete, Sayı: 27845 (in Turkish). Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü [General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication] (published February 13, 2011). January 7, 2011. 
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  44. "Part 1308: Schedules of Controlled Substances: §1308.11 Schedule I". Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations. Diversion Control Devision. Retrieved November 5, 2019.