Depressant
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Depressants (also known as sedatives and informally as "downers") are a major class of psychoactive substances that decreases activity in the brain through the lowering of neurotransmission levels, depressing or reducing arousal/stimulation in various areas of the brain.[1] Depressants represent one of the three major classes of psychoactive substances alongside stimulants ("uppers") and hallucinogens.
Depressants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicine and as illicit substances. Subjective effects can vary but generally include sedation, anxiety suppression, disinhibition, muscle relaxation, and euphoria. Side effects include decreased blood pressure, lowered heart rate, respiratory depression, and even complete anesthesia or death at high doses.
Depressants exert their effects through a number of different pharmacological mechanisms. The most prominent include the facilitation of GABA or opioid activity and the inhibition of glutamatergic or catecholaminergic activity.
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
These effects are listed and described in detail within their own dedicated articles below:
Physical effects 
Examples
The chemicals below have varying degrees of typical depressant effects.
Benzodiazepines
-
- 2-Oxoquazepam
- 3-Hydroxyphenazepam
- Adinazolam
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- BMS-906024
- Bretazenil
- Bromazepam
- Bromazolam
- Camazepam
- Carburazepam
- Cinolazepam
- Cinazepam
- Climazolam
- Clobazam
- Clonazepam (Klonopin)
- Clonazolam
- Cloniprazepam
- Clorazepate (Tranxene)
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Cloxazolam
- Cyprazepam
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Delorazepam
- Demoxepam
- Desmethylflunitrazepam
- Devazepide
- Diclazepam
- Difludiazepam
- Doxefazepam
- Estazolam
- Elfazepam
- Ethyl carfluzepate
- Ethyl dirazepate
- Ethyl loflazepate
- Fletazepam
- Flualprazolam
- Flubromazepam
- Flubromazolam
- Fludiazepam
- Flumazenil
- Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
- Flunitrazolam
- Flutazolam
- Flutemazepam
- Flutoprazepam
- Girisopam
- Halazepam
- Haloxazolam
- Imidazenil
- Kenazepine
- Ketazolam
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Lormetazepam
- Lufuradom
- Meclonazepam
- Medazepam
- Menitrazepam
- Metaclazepam
- Mexazolam
- Midazolam
- Motrazepam
- Nifoxipam
- Nimetazepam
- Nitrazepam
- Nitrazolam
- Nerisopam
- Nortetrazepam
- Nordazepam
- norflurazepam
- Oxazepam
- Oxazolam
- Pinazepam
- Pivoxazepam
- Phenazepam
- Prazepam
- Proflazepam
- Pyrazolam
- Reclazepam
- Ro5-4864
- RO4491533
- SH-I-048A
- Sulazepam
- Temazepam
- Tetrazepam
- Tifluadom
- Timelotem
- Triazolam
- Tolufazepam
- Triflunordazepam
- Tuclazepam
- Uldazepam
- Quazepam
- QH-II-66
-
Thienodiazepines
Barbiturates
-
- Allobarbital
- Aprobarbital
- Amobarbital
- Butabarbital
- Butobarbital
- Cyclobarbital
- Ethallobarbital
- Heptabarb
- Hexobarbital
- Mephobarbital
- Methohexital
- Narcobarbital
- Phenallymal
- Pentobarbital
- Phenobarbital
- Proxibarbal
- Reposal
- Secobarbital
- Talbutal
- Thiamylal
- Thiopental
- Thiotetrabarbital
- Vinbarbital
- Vinylbital
Opioids
-
- 3-acetyloxymorphone
- 3-allylfentanyl
- 3-Methylbutyrfentanyl
- 3-methylfentanyl
- 3-methylthiofentanyl
- 3,14-diacetyloxymorphone
- 4-phenylfentanyl
- 4-fluorofentanyl (Parafluorofentanyl)
- 5-methylhydromorphone (Metopon)
- 6-monoacetylcodeine
- 7-hydroxymitragynine
- 7-spiroindanyloxymorphone
- 8,14-dihydroxydihydromorphinone
- 14-cinnamoyloxycodeinone
- 14-ethoxymetopon
- 14-methoxydihydromorphinone
- 14-methoxymetopon
- 14-phenylpropoxymetopon
- α-methadol
- α-methylacetylfentanyl
- α-methylfentanyl
- α-methylthiofentanyl
- β-meprodine
- β-prodine
- β-acetylmethadol
- β-methadol
- β-hydroxyfentanyl
- β-hydroxythiofentanyl
- β-Methylfentanyl
- Acetorphine
- Acetylcodone
- Acetyldihydrocodeine
- Acetylfentanyl
- Acetylmorphone
- Acetyloxymorphone
- AH-7921
- Alfentanil
- Allylprodine
- Anileridine
- Benzylfentanyl
- Brifentanil
- Butyrfentanyl
- Buprenorphine
- Carfentanil
- Codeine
- Codeine-N-oxide
- Crotonylfentanyl
- Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)
- Diampromide
- Dibenzoylmorphine
- Dibutyrylmorphine
- Dihydrocodeine (α-hydrocodol)
- Dihydrodesoxycodeine (desocodeine)
- Diformylmorphine
- Dimepheptanol
- Dimenoxadol
- Dimethylmorphine (6-O-Methylcodeine)
- Dimethylthiambutene
- Dioxaphetyl Butyrate
- Dipropanoylmorphine
- Desomorphine
- Desocodeine
- Dihydrocodeine
- Dextropropoxyphene
- Ethylmorphine
- Embutramide
- Fentanyl
- Isomethadone
- Hydrocodone
- Hydromorphone
- Ketobemidone
- Kratom
- Lofentanil
- Meprodine
- Methadone
- Methyldihydromorphine (dihydroheterocodeine)
- Mitragynine
- Mirfentanil
- Monoacetylmorphine
- Morpheridine
- Morphine
- Morphine-N-oxide (genomorphine)
- Myrophine
- N-Methylcarfentanil
- N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon
- Nicomorphine
- Ocfentanil
- O-Desmethyltramadol
- Ohmefentanyl
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphazone
- Oxymorphol
- Oxymorphone
- Pentamorphone
- Pentazocine
- Pethidine
- Phenadoxone
- Phenampromide
- Pholcodine (morpholinylethylmorphine)
- Properidine
- R-30490
- Remifentanil
- Semorphone
- Sufentanil
- Tapentadol
- Thebacon
- Tilidine
- Tramadol
- Thiofentanyl
- Transisocodeine
- Trefentanil
- Trimeperidine
- U-47700
- Valerylfentanyl
GABAergics
-
- 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD, BD)
- 2-Methyl-2-butanol (2M2B)
- Alcohol (Ethanol)
- Baclofen
- Carisoprodol
- Eszopiclone
- GBL
- GHB
- Methaqualone
- Suproclone
- Zaleplon
- Zolpidem
- Zopiclone
See also
- Sedative
- Responsible use
- Psychoactive substance index
- Entactogens
- Nootropics
- Stimulants
- Hallucinogens
External links
References