Methiopropamine
| Summary sheet: Methiopropamine |
| Methiopropamine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | MPA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substitutive name | Methiopropamine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | 1-(Thiophen-2-yl)-2-methylaminopropane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class Membership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psychoactive class | Stimulant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Thiophene | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Routes of Administration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| MXE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dissociatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DXM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MDMA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stimulants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 25x-NBOH | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tramadol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MAOIs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Methiopropamine (also known as MPA) is a stimulant substance of the thiophene class. It is a ring-based structural analogue of methamphetamine.
Methiopropamine was first synthesized in 1942.[1] It appeared for public sale in the U.K. in December 2010 as a research chemical or legal high, recently branded as "Blow".[2]
Subjective effects are reportedly similar to those of classical stimulants and includes stimulation, focus enhancement, motivation enhancement, increased libido, appetite suppression, and euphoria. However, it is generally considered to be as euphoric or recreational as classical stimulants. It is occasionally reported to be used as a study aid.
Limited data exists about the pharmacology and toxicity of methiopropamine in humans, and it has only a short history of human use. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
Chemistry
Methiopropamine, or 1-(thiophen-2-yl)-2-methylaminopropane, is a synthetic molecule of the thiophene class. It is a structural analogue to methamphetamine. It contains a thiophene ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at Rα. Methiopropamine contains an additional methyl substitution at RN (similarly to MDMA and methamphetamine). Although methiopropamine is analogous to methamphetamine, it is neither an amphetamine nor a phenethylamine as methiopropamine contains a thiophene ring instead of a benzene ring. Thiophene is a five-membered aromatic ring with a sulphur constituent.
Pharmacology
Methiopropamine functions as a selective norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects. It is approximately one third as potent as dextroamphetamine as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and one fifth as much as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It displays negligible activity as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor.[3]
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects 
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- Stimulation - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, methiopropamine is usually considered to be mildly to moderately energetic and stimulating in a fashion that is considerably weaker in comparison to that of traditional recreational stimulants such as amphetamine, MDMA or cocaine. This encourages physical activities such as performing chores, repetitive tasks which would otherwise be boring and strenuous physical activities.
- Spontaneous tactile sensations - The "body high" of methiopropamine can be described as an intense euphoric, sharp and all-encompassing tingling sensation that remains present through the duration of the experience.
- Increased heart rate - In comparison to other stimulants such as amphetamine or cocaine, methiopropamine only has a mild effect on one's heart rate.
- Appetite suppression The above components are also accompanied by a suppression of appetite which is usually much less intense in strength in comparison to the appetite suppression experienced with amphetamine or methamphetamine.
- Increased perspiration
- Increased libido
- Temperature regulation suppression
- Teeth grinding - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of MDMA.
Cognitive effects 
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- Focus enhancement - This component is most effective at low to moderate doses as anything higher will usually impair concentration.
- Cognitive euphoria - This component is much less intense than the euphoria experienced with other stimulants such as amphetamine, cocaine, or methamphetamine.
- Wakefulness
- Thought acceleration
- Thought organization
- Analysis enhancement
- Motivation enhancement
- Compulsive redosing
- Increased music appreciation
After effects 
- The effects which occur during the offset of a stimulant experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its peak. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of neurotransmitter depletion. Its effects commonly include:
Experience reports
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index include:
Additional experience reports can be found here:
Toxicity and harm potential
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This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub. As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. |
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational MPA use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because MPA has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried MPA within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.
Dependence and abuse potential
As with other stimulants, the chronic use of MPA can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of MPA develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). MPA presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of MPA all stimulants will have a reduced effect.
Psychosis
Abuse of compounds within the stimulant class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions).[4] A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.[4][5] The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.[4]
Dangerous interactions
Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
- Stimulants - MPA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other stimulants as it can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
- 25x-NBOMe & 25x-NBOH - 25x compounds are highly stimulating and physically straining. Combinations with Methiopropamine should be strictly avoided due to the risk of excessive stimulation and heart strain. This can result in increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, panic attacks, thought loops, seizures, and heart failure in extreme cases.
- Alcohol - Combining alcohol with stimulants can be dangerous due to the risk of accidental over-intoxication. Stimulants mask alcohol's depressant effects, which is what most people use to assess their degree of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the depressant effects will be left unopposed, which can result in blackouts and severe respiratory depression. If mixing, the user should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
- DXM - Combinations with DXM should be avoided due to its inhibiting effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. There is an increased risk of panic attacks and hypertensive crisis, or serotonin syndrome with serotonin releasers (MDMA, methylone, mephedrone, etc.). Monitor blood pressure carefully and avoid strenuous physical activity.
- MDMA - Any neurotoxic effects of MDMA are likely to be increased when other stimulants are present. There is also a risk of excessive blood pressure and heart strain (cardiotoxicity).
- MXE - Some reports suggest combinations with MXE may dangerously increase blood pressure and increase the risk of mania and psychosis.
- Dissociatives - Both classes carry a risk of delusions, mania and psychosis, and these risk may be multiplied when combined.
- Stimulants - Methiopropamine may be dangerous to combine with other stimulants like cocaine as they can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
- Tramadol - Tramadol is known to lower the seizure threshold[6] and combinations with stimulants may further increase this risk.
- MAOIs - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, and some antidepressants.[7]
- Cocaine - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
Legal status
- Austria: Since June 26, 2019, Methiopropamine is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG. (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich)[8]
- China: Methiopropamine is a controlled substance.[9]
- Finland: Methiopropamine is illegal in Finland.[citation needed]
- France: Methiopropamine is scheduled as a "stupéfiant", i.e. a recognized drug of abuse. It is illegal to possess, buy, sell or manufacture.[10]
- Germany: Methiopropamine is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I)[11] as of July 17, 2013.[12] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.[13]
- Switzerland: Methiopropamine is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.[14]
- United Kingdom: Methiopropamine is a Class B drug.[15]
- United States: Methiopropamine is not scheduled at the federal level in the United States,[16] but it could be considered an analogue of methamphetamine in which case purchase, sale, or possession could be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act. Methiopropamine's structure differs from methamphetamine's structure significantly more than previous successful prosecutions under the same law.[citation needed]
- Florida: Methiopropamine is a Schedule I controlled substance in the state of Florida, making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess in Florida.[17]
See also
External links
- Methiopropamine (Wikipedia)
- Methiopropamine (Erowid Vault)
- Methiopropamine (Isomer Design)
- Methiopropamine (MyCrew)
References
- ↑ Blicke, F. F., Burckhalter, J. H. (March 1942). "α-Thienylaminoalkanes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 64 (3): 477–480. doi:10.1021/ja01255a001. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ↑ Angelov, D., O’Brien, J., Kavanagh, P. (March 2013). "The syntheses of 1-(2-thienyl)-2-(methylamino) propane (methiopropamine) and its 3-thienyl isomer for use as reference standards". Drug Testing and Analysis. 5 (3): 145–149. doi:10.1002/dta.298. ISSN 1942-7611.
- ↑ Iversen, L., Gibbons, S., Treble, R., Setola, V., Huang, X.-P., Roth, B. L. (30 January 2013). "Neurochemical profiles of some novel psychoactive substances". European Journal of Pharmacology. 700 (1): 147–151. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.006. ISSN 0014-2999.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Shoptaw, S. J., Kao, U., Ling, W. (21 January 2009). Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group, ed. "Treatment for amphetamine psychosis". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3. ISSN 1465-1858.
- ↑ Hofmann, F. G. (1983). A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects (2nd ed ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195030563.
- ↑ Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. eISSN 1937-6995. ISSN 1556-9039. OCLC 163567183.
- ↑ Gillman, P. K. (2005). "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 95 (4): 434–441. doi:10.1093/bja/aei210
. eISSN 1471-6771. ISSN 0007-0912. OCLC 01537271. PMID 16051647.
- ↑ https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2019_II_167/BGBLA_2019_II_167.pdfsig
- ↑ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- ↑ Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants
- ↑ "Anlage I BtMG" (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- ↑ "Siebenundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften" (in German). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ↑ "§ 29 BtMG" (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ↑ "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in German). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ↑ The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2017
- ↑ http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1308/1308_11.htm
- ↑ Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes : Online Sunshine