2C-D

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Summary sheet: 2C-D
2C-D
2C-D.svg
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names 2C-D, 2C-M, LE-25
Substitutive name 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine
Systematic name 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminoethane
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Psychedelic
Chemical class Phenethylamine
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



⇣ Oral
Dosage
Threshold 3 mg
Light 10 - 25 mg
Common 25 - 50 mg
Strong 50 - 100 mg
Heavy 100 mg +
Duration
Total 3 - 5 hours
Onset 15 - 45 minutes
Come up 20 - 40 minutes
Peak 1.5 - 2.5 hours
Offset 0.5 - 1.5 hours
After effects 1 - 4 hours









DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions
Cannabis
Stimulants
Tramadol
Lithium


2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine (also known as 2C-M, LE-25 and more commonly as 2C-D) is a synthetic psychedelic of the phenethylamine chemical class that produces short-lived psychedelic effects when administered. Its sensory and cognitive effects profile has been described as being the most similar to that of mescaline among members of the 2C-x family, albeit with a significantly shorter duration.

The synthesis of 2C-D was first published in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences.[1] Initial trials by Alexander Shulgin at sub-threshold doses in humans were carried out in 1964.[2]

Many anecdotal reports suggest that it is calmer, easier to handle and more comfortable on the body than other closely related psychedelic phenethylamines. While not especially visual or physically euphoric at common doses, it is reported to be very lucid, analytical and unimpaired in its headspace - a quality it retains even as the dose is increased.

Lower doses of 2C-D (generally 10 mg or less) have been explored for its use as a potential nootropic, albeit with mixed results.[3]

Today, 2C-D is used both recreationally and as an entheogen. It is rarely sold on the streets and almost exclusively distributed as a gray area research chemical by online vendors.

History and culture

The synthesis of 2C-D was first published in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences,[1], but initial trials by Alexander Shulgin at sub-threshold doses were carried out in 1964. Further investigations at higher doses were carried out by Shulgin and his fellow researchers between 1974 and 1978.[2] The name '2C-D' derives from the chemical's structure - it is the 2-Carbon analogue of DOM.

Shulgin notably referred to 2C-D as a “pharmacological tofu,” meaning it can extend or potentiate the effect of other substances without overly coloring the experience, in a manner similar to how tofu absorbs the flavors of sauces or spices it is cooked with.[citation needed] While some use this as evidence that 2C-D is relatively uninteresting as a psychedelic on its own, others strongly disagree with this assessment and hold that 2C-D is an unusually versatile and fully-fledged psychedelic in its own right.

Despite showing promise as a very functional psychostimulant[4][5] with successful studies investigating the use in psychotherapy in Germany,[6] 2C-D has not found widespread use. This has been argued to be due to the previously limited diversity of substances on the market - a consumer dynamic which has changed significantly with the advent of the internet - allowing a broader freedom of choice for explorers of psychedelic phenethylamines.[7] Of these, it tends to be substantially harder to find and notably more expensive by weight.[citation needed]

Chemistry

Generic structure of a phenethylamine molecule

2C-D, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain. 2C-D contains methoxy functional groups CH3O- attached to carbons R2 and R5 as well as a methyl group attached to carbon R4 of the phenyl ring.

2C-D belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines which contain methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring.

Pharmacology

Further information: Serotonergic psychedelic

2C-D's psychedelic effects are believed to come from its efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptor as a partial agonist. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

The head space of 2C-D is described by many as being lucid, insightful and relatively normal in its thought processes even at moderate to high doses. The feeling of unaltered consciousness may be unsatisfying to users who want an intense experience because the head space is fairly normal, stable and therefore sometimes uninteresting to those who are new to hallucinogenic experiences.

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.

Physical effects
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Visual effects
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Cognitive effects
User.svg

Auditory effects
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Multi-sensory effects
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    • Synaesthesia - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states.

Transpersonal effects
Infinity4.svg

Experience reports

There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:

Toxicity and harm potential

Further information: Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential, and Responsible use § Hallucinogens

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2C-D use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because 2C-D is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.

Anecdotal evidence from those within the community who have tried 2C-D suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Tolerance and addiction potential

2C-D is not habit-forming and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.

Tolerance to the effects of 2C-D is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 3 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2C-D presents cross-tolerance with all psychedelics, meaning that after the consumption of 2C-D all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.

Dangerous interactions

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.

Legal status

  • Australia: Australia has a blanket ban over all substituted phenethylamines including the entire 2C-X family.[9]
  • Austria: 2C-D is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich). In its Schedule II, the further specifying NPSV (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung Österreich) explicitly bans all substituted phenetylamines.[10]
  • Brazil: Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.[11]
  • Canada: 2C-D would be considered Schedule III as it is a derivative of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.[12]
  • China: 2C-D is a controlled substance in China as of October 2015.[13]
  • Denmark: 2C-D is added to the list of Schedule B controlled substances.[14]
  • Germany: 2C-D is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I)[15] as of December 13, 2014.[16] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.[17]
  • Japan: 2C-D is controlled by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan, making it illegal to possess or sell.[18]
  • Latvia: 2C-D is a Schedule I controlled substance.[19]
  • Sweden: 2C-D is classified as a health hazard as of March 1, 2005, in the regulation SFS 2005:26, making it illegal to sell or possess.[20]
  • Switzerland: 2C-D is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.[21]
  • United Kingdom: 2C-D is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the phenethylamine catch-all clause.[22]
  • United States: 2C-D is listed in Schedule I of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act in the United States. This was signed into law as of July 2012 under the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act.[23]

See also

External links

Forums

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ho, B. T.; Tansey, L. W.; Balster, R. L.; An, R.; McIsaac, W. M.; Harris, R. T. (1970). "Amphetamine analogs. II. Methylated phenethylamines". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 13 (1): 134–135. doi:10.1021/jm00295a034. eISSN 1520-4804. ISSN 0022-2623. OCLC 39480771. PMID 5412084. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Alexander Shulgin (1976). Pharmacology Notes I (The Shulgin Lab Books) (PDF). Lafayette, CA: Erowid. p. 176. 
  3. ↑ Darrell Lemaire (1990) [Updated 2015]. "Certain Exotic Transmitters as Smart Pills or Compounds that Increase the Capacity for Mental Work in Humans". Erowid. Retrieved October 11, 2020. 
  4. ↑ Zuba, D.; Sekuła, K. (2013). "Analytical characterization of three hallucinogenic N-(2-methoxy)benzyl derivatives of the 2C-series of phenethylamine drugs". Drug Testing and Analysis. 5 (8): 634–645. doi:10.1002/dta.1397. eISSN 1942-7611. ISSN 1942-7603. OCLC 231680670. PMID 22936468. 
  5. ↑ King, L. A. (2014). "New phenethylamines in Europe". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 808–818. doi:10.1002/dta.1570. eISSN 1942-7611. ISSN 1942-7603. OCLC 231680670. PMID 24574327. 
  6. ↑ Schneider, U.; Dietrich, D.E.; Gast, U. (2004). Aspekte des Psychischen: Festschrift anlässlich des 60. Geburtstags von Hinderk M. Emrich (in German). Würzbug, Germany: Königshausen & Neumann. ISBN 3826027299. OCLC 55887990. 
  7. ↑ James Martin (2014). Drugs on the Dark Net: How Cryptomarkets are Transforming the Global Trade in Illicit Drugs. Palgrave pivot. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137399052. ISBN 978-1-349-48566-6. OCLC 903145880. 
  8. ↑ Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. ISSN 1556-9039. 
  9. ↑ "Psychoactive Substances" (PDF). National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. 2014. [dead link]
  10. ↑ "Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung" (in German). June 26, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2021. 
  11. ↑ "RESOLUÇÃO DA DIRETORIA COLEGIADA - RDC N° 130, DE 2 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2016" (in Portuguese). Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) [Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA)]. December 5, 2016. 
  12. ↑ "Schedule III". Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA). Isomer Design. Retrieved October 10, 2020. 
  13. ↑ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). 国家食品药品监督管理总局 [China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)]. September 27, 2015. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. 
  14. ↑ "Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer" (in Danish). Civilstyrelsen [Civil Agency]. May 31, 2011. BEK Nr. 557. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  15. ↑ "Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln: Anlage I" (in German). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  16. ↑ "Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2014 Teil I Nr. 57 (in German). Bundesanzeiger Verlag (published December 12, 2014). December 5, 2014. p. 1999-2002. ISSN 0341-1095. OCLC 231871244. 
  17. ↑ "Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln: § 29" (in German). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  18. ↑ Uchiyama, N.; Kawamura, M.; Kamakura, H.; Kikura-Hanajiri, R.; Goda, Y. (2008). "Analytical Data of Designated Substances (Shitei-Yakubutsu) Controlled by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan, Part I: GC-MS and LC-MS". Yakugaku Zasshi (in Japanese). 128 (6): 971–979. doi:10.1248/yakushi.128.981. eISSN 0031-6903. ISSN 1347-5231. OCLC 909890652. PMID 18520145. 
  19. ↑ "Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem" (in Latvian). VSIA Latvijas Vēstnesis. November 10, 2005. Retrieved January 1, 2020. 
  20. ↑ "Svensk författningssamling Förordning om ändring i förordningen (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor" (PDF). Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling (LVFS) (in Swedish). Läkemedelsverket [Swedish Medical Products Agency] (published February 15, 2005). February 3, 2005. ISSN 1101-5225. SFS 2005:26. 
  21. ↑ "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in German). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020. 
  22. ↑ "Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs". "Misuse of Drugs Act 1971". UK Government. Retrieved August 20, 2020. 
  23. ↑ "S. 3187 (112th): Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act". GovTrack. June 27, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2020. 
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