2-FA

2-FA
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names	2-FA
Substitutive name	2-Fluoroamphetamine
Systematic name	1-(2-Fluorophenyl)propan-2-amine
Class Membership
Psychoactive class	Stimulant
Chemical class	Amphetamine
Routes of Administration
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section. Oral Dosage Threshold 5 - 10 mg Light 10 - 20 mg Common 20 - 40 mg Strong 40 - 60 mg Heavy 60 mg + Duration Total 3 - 5 hours Onset 15 - 30 minutes Come up 15 - 30 minutes Peak 1.5 - 2.5 hours Offset 1 - 1.5 hours DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

2-Fluoroamphetamine (2-FA) is a synthetic ring-substituted fluorinated amphetamine compound that is commonly reported to be capable of producing classical stimulant effects that are often compared to those produced by dextroamphetamine in duration, potency and potential effectiveness as a study aid or productivity enhancer.^[1]

2-FA is one part of a series of modern designer fluorinated amphetamine analogs that includes synthetic compounds like 2-FMA, 3-FA, 3-FEA and 4-FA which are known for their range of stimulating and euphoric effects, many of which have been gaining popularity as research chemical substitutes for classical street stimulants.^{[citation needed]} Of these, 2-FA is considered to be most amphetamine-like in its core properties and effects.

It is commonly taken orally in line with the prescribed usage instruction of stimulants used to treat ADHD. While capable of being taken via insufflation or vaporization, this has been reported to be highly unpleasant and toxic feeling compared to its parent compound. Despite its popularity as a research chemical study aid, little is known about the potential toxicological effects that accompany its long-term use as a substitute for prescribed stimulants.

2-FA is rarely found on the streets, but sometimes sold as a grey market research chemical through online vendors.^[2][3]

Chemistry

Generic structure of a amphetamine molecule

2-FA, or 2-Fluoroamphetamine, is a synthetic molecule of the amphetamine family. Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at R_α (i.e. amphetamines are alpha-methylated phenethylamines). Unlike its close analogue 2-FMA, 2-FA does not contain a methyl group bound to the terminal amine R_N of the amphetamine core, which renders it structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine. 2-FA is the 2-position fluorinated analogue of amphetamine.

Pharmacology

Although 2-FA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional amphetamines, it is safe to assume that just like other substituted amphetamines with substitutions at similar positions (with the notable exception of 4-FA), it most likely acts primarily as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in stimulating, motivating and euphoric effects.

Subjective effects

In comparison to other substituted amphetamines, 2-FA is reported to be relatively free of side effects such as nausea, high blood pressure, anxiety and an uncomfortable offset ("comedown"). It is considered to be a functional and effective psychoactive substance for performing general productivity tasks in a manner that is similar to dextroamphetamine. However, at higher doses, it reportedly loses its productivity and attention-enhancing effects and begins to take on a recreational character due to the distracting euphoria and overstimulation that can result. However, it is often said that it possesses a "ceiling dose" that purportedly lowers the abuse threshold relative to methamphetamine, although this has yet to be scientifically demonstrated.

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. These effects should be taken with a grain of salt and will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier doses will increase the chances of inducing a full range of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become much more likely on higher doses and may include serious injury or death.

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index include:

There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:

• Erowid Experience Vaults: 2-FA

Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2-FA use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 2-FA has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2-FA within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Others have commented that its d-isomer form is virtually similar to the effects of d-amphetamine, and thus far little has been shown to give reason to suspect that its toxicity is radically different (though future evidence to the contrary may prove otherwise).

It is perhaps worth noting that in the field of medicinal chemistry, the fluorine substitution is sometimes seen as desirable in central nervous system pharmaceutical agents, and is a common practice due to the corresponding increase in lipophilicity granted by the substitute.^[4]

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

Tolerance and addiction potential

As with other stimulants, the chronic use of 2-FA can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among a certain population of users. When dependence or addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of 2-FA develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 10 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2-FA presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of 2-FA all stimulants will have a reduced effect (especially including atypical stimulants one might not expect, like MDMA due to its reliance on dopamine and norepinephrine to exert its full euphoric effect).

In a analogous way tolerance to amphetamine relates to tolerance on methamphetamine, 2-FA has been observed to have a similar relationship to its more popular relative, 2-FMA.

Psychosis

Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions).^[5] A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.^[6][7] The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.^[8] Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.^[9][10]

Dangerous interactions

Although many psychoactive substances are safe to use on their own, they can quickly become dangerous or even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The following lists some known dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. A combination that appears to be safe in low doses can still increase the risk of injury or death. Independent research should always be conducted to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume.

• MAOIs - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, αMT, and some antidepressants.^[11]
• Stimulants - 2-FA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other stimulants as it can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
• MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other amphetamines.
• Cocaine - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
• Stimulants - 2-FA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other stimulants as it can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
• 25x-NBOMe & 25x-NBOH - Members of the 25x family are highly stimulating and physically straining. Combinations with stimulants should be avoided due to the risk of excessive stimulation. This can result in panic attacks, thought loops, seizures, increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, and heart failure in extreme cases.
• Alcohol - Alcohol can be dangerous to combine with stimulants due to the risk of accidental over-intoxication. Stimulants mask the sedative effects of alcohol, which is the main factor people use to assess their degree of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the depressant effects of alcohol are left unopposed, which can result in blackouts and respiratory depression. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
• DXM - Combinations with DXM should be strictly avoided due to DXM's effects on serotonin and dopamine reuptake. This can lead to panic attacks, hypertensive crisis, or serotonin syndrome.
• MXE - Combinations with MXE may dangerously elevate blood pressure and increase the risk of psychosis.
• Tramadol - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold.^[12] Combinations with stimulants may further increase this risk.
• MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with amphetamines.
• Cocaine - This combination may increase strain on the heart to dangerous levels.

Legal issues

2-FA is currently a grey area compound within all parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and that it is not known to be specifically illegal ("scheduled") within any country. However, people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws and with intent to sell or consume.

• United States: 2-FA may be considered to be an analogue of amphetamine under the Federal Analogue Act and thus a Schedule II drug. The Federal Analogue Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption.
• United Kingdom: 2-FA is considered a Class A drug as a result of the amphetamine analog clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.^[13]
• China: As of October 2015 2-FA is a controlled substance in China.^[14]
• Canada: 2-FA would be considered Schedule I as it is an analogue of Amphetamine.^[15]
• New Zealand: 2-FA is an amphetamine analogue, so is a Schedule 3 controlled substance in New Zealand.^[16]

See also

• Responsible use
• Designer drug
• Stimulants
• Substituted amphetamine
• Amphetamine
• 2-FMA
• 3-FA
• 4-FA

External links

• 2-FA (Wikipedia)
• 2-FA (Isomer Design)

References