2-Aminoindane
| Summary sheet: 2-Aminoindane |
| 2-Aminoindane | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | 2-AI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | 2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-2-amine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Psychoactive class | Stimulant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Aminoindane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Alcohol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MXE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| DXM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MDMA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stimulants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25x-NBOMe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| MAOIs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stimulants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MDMA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cocaine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2-Aminoindane (2-AI) is a psychoactive drug and research chemical with stimulant properties. It is an analogue of amphetamine.[1]
Very little is known about this substance, but it has recently become easily accessible through online research chemical vendors where it is being sold as a designer drug.
Chemistry
2-AI, or 2-Aminoindane, is a structural analogue of amphetamine. It features the R3 terminal carbon of the propane chain of amphetamine bound to the benzene ring. This creates an indane group, a bicyclic moeity containing a benzene ring fused to a pentane ring. 2-AI contains an amino group NH2 bound to R2 of the indane ring thus giving it the name 2-aminoindane. 2-AI is structurally analogous to NM-2-AI, lacking the N-substituted methyl group.
Pharmacology
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other stimulants such as amphetamine, methamphetamine and 2-FMA. 2-AI most likely acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects 
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- Stimulation - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, 2-AI is usually considered to be energetic and stimulating in a fashion that is similar to that of amphetamine but stronger than that of modafinil or caffeine. It is similar yet distinct from the stimulation experienced on MDMA, encouraging physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which 2-AI presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher doses, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.
- Pain relief - Many anecdotal reports suggest that this compound may suppress pain in a fashion somewhat similar to opioids without the distinct physical euphoria.
- Increased heart rate
- Dehydration
- Appetite suppression
- Nausea
- Temporary erectile dysfunction
- Increased perspiration
- Teeth grinding - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of MDMA.
Visual effects 
Cognitive effects 
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The cognitive effects of 2-AI can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of 2-AI is described by many as one of mental stimulation, increased focus, and euphoria. It contains a large number of typical stimulant cognitive effects. Although negative side effects are usually mild at low to moderate doses, they become increasingly likely to manifest themselves with higher amounts or extended usage. This particularly holds true during the offset of the experience.
The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
- Focus enhancement - This component is most effective at low to moderate doses as anything higher will usually impair concentration.
- Thought acceleration
- Analysis enhancement
- Wakefulness
- Memory enhancement
- Motivation enhancement
- Euphoria
- Compulsive redosing
- Increased music appreciation
After effects 
- The effects which occur during the offset of a stimulant experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its peak. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of neurotransmitter depletion. Its effects commonly include:
Experience reports
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:
Toxicity and harm potential
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This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub. As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. |
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2-AI use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 2-AI has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2-AI within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
Tolerance and addiction potential
As with other stimulants, the chronic use of 2-AI can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of 2-AI develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2-AI presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of 2-AI all stimulants will have a reduced effect.
Psychosis
Abuse of compounds within the stimulant class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions).[2] A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.[2][3] The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.[2]
Dangerous interactions
Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
- Stimulants - 2-AI can be potentially dangerous in combination with other stimulants as it can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
- 25x-NBOMe & 25x-NBOH - 25x compounds are highly stimulating and physically straining. Combinations with 2-Aminoindane should be strictly avoided due to the risk of excessive stimulation and heart strain. This can result in increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, panic attacks, thought loops, seizures, and heart failure in extreme cases.
- Alcohol - Combining alcohol with stimulants can be dangerous due to the risk of accidental over-intoxication. Stimulants mask alcohol's depressant effects, which is what most people use to assess their degree of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the depressant effects will be left unopposed, which can result in blackouts and severe respiratory depression. If mixing, the user should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
- DXM - Combinations with DXM should be avoided due to its inhibiting effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. There is an increased risk of panic attacks and hypertensive crisis, or serotonin syndrome with serotonin releasers (MDMA, methylone, mephedrone, etc.). Monitor blood pressure carefully and avoid strenuous physical activity.
- MDMA - Any neurotoxic effects of MDMA are likely to be increased when other stimulants are present. There is also a risk of excessive blood pressure and heart strain (cardiotoxicity).
- MXE - Some reports suggest combinations with MXE may dangerously increase blood pressure and increase the risk of mania and psychosis.
- Dissociatives - Both classes carry a risk of delusions, mania and psychosis, and these risk may be multiplied when combined.
- Stimulants - 2-Aminoindane may be dangerous to combine with other stimulants like cocaine as they can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
- Tramadol - Tramadol is known to lower the seizure threshold[4] and combinations with stimulants may further increase this risk.
- MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with amphetamine and other stimulants.
- MAOIs - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, and some antidepressants.[5]
- Cocaine - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
Legal status
2-AI is currently believed to be a grey area compound within most parts of the world. This means that it is not known to be specifically illegal within any country, but people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws and with intent to sell or consume.
- Austria: 2-AI is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).[citation needed]
- China: 2-AI is a controlled substance.[6]
- Germany: 2-AI is controlled under the NpSG (New Psychoactive Substances Act)[7] as of November 26, 2016.[8] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.[9]
- Switzerland: 2-AI is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.[10]
- United Kingdom: 2-AI is illegal to produce, supply, or import under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.[11]
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Oberlender, R., Nichols, D. E. (March 1991). "Structural variation and (+)-amphetamine-like discriminative stimulus properties". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 38 (3): 581–586. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90017-v. ISSN 0091-3057.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shoptaw, S. J., Kao, U., Ling, W. (21 January 2009). Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group, ed. "Treatment for amphetamine psychosis". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3. ISSN 1465-1858.
- ↑ Hofmann, F. G. (1983). A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects (2nd ed ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195030563.
- ↑ Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. eISSN 1937-6995. ISSN 1556-9039. OCLC 163567183.
- ↑ Gillman, P. K. (2005). "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 95 (4): 434–441. doi:10.1093/bja/aei210
. eISSN 1471-6771. ISSN 0007-0912. OCLC 01537271. PMID 16051647.
- ↑ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- ↑ "Anlage NpSG" (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- ↑ "Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe" (PDF) (in German). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- ↑ "§ 4 NpSG" (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- ↑ "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in German). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ↑ Psychoactive Substances Act 2016