Adrafinil

Summary sheet: Adrafinil

Adrafinil
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names	Adrafinil, Olmifon
Substitutive name	Adrafinil
Systematic name	(±)-2-Benzhydrylsulfinylethanehydroxamic acid
Routes of Administration
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section. Oral Dosage Threshold 100 - 150 mg Light 150 - 250 mg Common 250 - 400 mg Strong 400 - 600 mg Heavy 600 mg + Duration Total 6 - 12 hours Onset 1 - 2 hours Come up 45 - 60 minutes Peak 4.5 - 6 hours Offset 1 - 3 hours After effects 2 - 6 hours DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
Interactions

Adrafinil (also known as Olmifon) is a prodrug for modafinil - a wakefulness-promoting agent (eugeroic) with nootropic effects. Adrafinil is metabolized in the liver to produce modafinil. Both are stimulants with no amphetamine-like effects. Safety information on adrafinil is lacking because modafinil is often used instead, for treatment of narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness. Long-term supplementation of adrafinil is not advised, since adrafinil is metabolized into modafinil in the liver, and may stress the liver through elevated liver enzymes with prolonged use.

Chemistry

Adrafinil chemical structure vs. Modafinil

Adrafinil is very structurally similar to its close chemical cousin and bioactive metabolite, modafinil. The only structural difference is that terminal amide hydroxyl group of adrafinil ((diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl-2 acetohydroxamic acid) is lacking in modafinil (diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl-2 acetamide).

Pharmacology

The mechanism of adrafinil appears to rely on postsynaptic α-adrenergic activity since an increase in locomotion caused by adrafinil is blocked by prazosin (α1 antagonist), yohimbine (α2 antagonist), or phenoxybenzamine (mixed α-antagonist). These increases through adrenergic neurotransmission are thought to be responsible for adrafinil's energetic properties.

Orally ingested adrafinil may undergo one of two metabolic results. The main metabolite is the active modafinil, which is itself metabolized to the inactive modafinilic acid, then modafinil sulfone. Adrafinil, however, can also be metabolized to inactive modafinilic acid without conversion to modafinil. This may account for its lower potency.

Subjective effects

Disclaimer: The effects listed below are cited from the subjective effect index, which is based on anecdotal reports and the personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be treated with a healthy degree of skepticism. It is worth noting that these effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, although higher doses will increase the chances of inducing a full range of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become much more likely on higher doses and may include serious injury or death.

Physical effects

• • Stimulation
  • Dehydration
  • Headaches
  • Photophobia
  • Appetite suppression
  • Increased heart rate
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Body odor alteration

Cognitive effects

• • Wakefulness
  • Focus enhancement
  • Thought acceleration
  • Memory enhancement
  • Motivation enhancement
  • Emotion enhancement
  • Anxiety
  • Time distortion
  • Increased music appreciation

Experience reports

There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:

• Erowid Experience Vaults: Adrafinil

Toxicity and harm potential

The long-term safety and effectiveness of modafinil (adrafinil's active component) as a drug of regular usage have not been determined. Anecdotal reports from people who have tried modafinil within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).

Adrafinil is more harmful than modafinil due to slight hepatotoxicity, as adrafinil must be processed by the liver. Stomach pain, skin irritation, anxiety, and elevated liver enzymes may occur with prolonged use and have been associated with Adrafinil, specifically.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Tolerance and addiction potential

The chronic use of adrafinil can be considered as not addictive with a low potential for abuse. It does not seem to be capable of causing psychological dependence among most users.

Tolerance to many of the effects of adrafinil develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Adrafinil may present a cross-tolerance with all benzhydryl nootropics, meaning that after the consumption of adrafinil, all related eugeroic compounds such as armodafinil and modafinil will display a reduced effect.

Legal status

This legality section is a stub. As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.

Unlike modafinil, adrafinil is legal to sell and possess without a prescription in most countries.

See also

• Responsible use
• Nootropics
• Stimulants
• Modafinil
• Armodafinil
• Caffeine
• Amphetamine

External links

• Adrafinil (Wikipedia)
• Adrafinil (Erowid Vault)
• Adrafinil (Examine)