User:Jerrycret68
Breast cancer, a leading cause of global mortality primarily affecting females, is characterized by its heterogeneous nature, manifesting in six distinct molecular subtypes. These subtypes include luminal A (characterized by PR+, ER+, HER2-, and Ki67), luminal B (ER+, HER2+/-, and Ki67+), HER2-positive, basal-like (ER-, PR-, HER2-), normal breast-like, and claudin-low types with low expression of cellular adhesion genes. These breast cancer groups are distinct at genomic, transcriptomic, protein, and morphologic levels. Breast tumors are composed of intricate networks of cancerous cells and the surrounding tissue that resembles an ecosystem. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), progesterone receptor (PR), and estrogen receptor (ER) are biomarkers that are widely used in clinical practice to assess prognosis and forecast medication response.