List of psychoactive substances, and precursor chemicals, produced by GMOs derived from genetically modified organisms

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Psycoactive substances

  • Cocaine
    • GMO plant: Nicotiana benthamiana (a tobacco plant)[1]
  • Psilocybin
    • GMO bacteria: Escherichia coli[2]
    • GMO yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) strain[3][4][5]
  • Phytocannabinoids
  • Tropane alkaloids (see Datura): Hyoscyamine and scopolamine
    • GMO yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) strain[10]

Precursor chemicals produced by GMOs

See also: List of precursors

  • Lysergic acid (LSD precursor)
    • GMO yeast: Baker’s Yeast[11]
  • Thebaine (morphine precursor)
    • GMO bacteria: E. coli[12]

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ "Genetically modified tobacco plant produces cocaine in its leaves". New Scientist. 
  2. ↑ Satyanarayana M (7 October 2019). "Modified E. coli pump out psilocybin". Chemical & Engineering News. 97 (39): 11. doi:10.1021/cen-09739-scicon9. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.  Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Technical University of Denmark (2020-04-16). "Psychedelic compound from magic mushrooms produced in yeast". phys.org (in English). Archived from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-02.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Milne N (2021-01-15). "Magic Yeasts and How to Make Them Produce Psilocybin". MIND Foundation (in English). Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved 2021-01-17.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Wong, G; Lim, LR; Tan, YQ; Go, MK; Bell, DJ; Freemont, PS; Yew, WS (7 February 2022). "Reconstituting the complete biosynthesis of D-lysergic acid in yeast". Nature communications. 13 (1): 712. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28386-6. PMC 8821704 Freely accessible Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35132076. 
  6. ↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37127748/
  7. ↑ "Yeast produce low-cost, high-quality cannabinoids". ScienceDaily (in English). 
  8. ↑ "German scientists use gene-edited Tequila bacteria to produce cannabinoids". The Drinks Business. 28 March 2019. 
  9. ↑ Luo X, Reiter MA, d'Espaux L, Wong J, Denby CM, Lechner A, et al. (March 2019). "Complete biosynthesis of cannabinoids and their unnatural analogues in yeast" (PDF). Nature. 567 (7746): 123–26. Bibcode:2019Natur.567..123L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0978-9. PMID 30814733.  Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Srinivasan, Prashanth; Smolke, Christina D. (September 2020). "Biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in yeast". Nature (in English). pp. 614–619. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2650-9. 
  11. ↑ "Harvesting baker's yeast for aging-related therapeutics". ScienceDaily (in English). 
  12. ↑ "Genetically modified E. coli pump out morphine precursor: Bacteria yield 300 times more opiates than yeast". ScienceDaily (in English). 
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